Our Research Process

From Stories to Scientific Discovery

Every investigation begins with a clue—a local story, an old map, a private collection, an unusual landform, or a pattern hidden in disconnected data. We preserve those clues, place them in geographic and environmental context, and use modern analysis to develop questions that can be responsibly tested in the field.

  1. 01

    Gather Overlooked Evidence

  2. 02

    Build Structured Research Data

  3. 03

    Predict Where Evidence May Survive

  4. 04

    Verify and Escalate Responsibly

01

Gather Overlooked Evidence

We begin with information that formal research often misses: firsthand observations, private collections, historical sources, and overlooked clues in the landscape.

Listen to People and Place

Observations from people who know a landscape become research leads—not conclusions.

  • Family and community histories
  • Repeated artifact or fossil finds
  • Local place names and terminology
  • Unusual springs, banks, sinkholes, or landforms

Gather Existing Evidence

We assemble the relevant formal and informal record before deciding what requires additional investigation.

  • Archaeological and paleontological records
  • Historical maps and aerial photography
  • Geological, soil, hydrology, and wetland data
  • LiDAR, satellite imagery, and bathymetry

Preserve Provenance

Every report remains connected to its origin, context, and stated level of certainty.

  • Original source and wording
  • Date and approximate location
  • Reliability and uncertainty notes
  • Privacy and disclosure permissions

02

Build Structured Research Data

Scattered clues become useful when they are organized into searchable, georeferenced records that can be compared across sources and landscapes.

Normalize and Georeference

Records are converted into a consistent structure without discarding their original context.

  • Standardized names, dates, and terminology
  • Coordinates or defined geographic areas
  • Approximate-location uncertainty
  • Duplicate and related-report identification

Reconstruct Ancient Landscapes

We model the environments in which evidence was deposited rather than relying only on the modern terrain.

  • Former shorelines and lake levels
  • Paleochannels and buried drainage systems
  • Glacial margins and meltwater routes
  • Wetland evolution, erosion, and deposition

Build Research Context

Each record is connected to the environmental and historical conditions needed for meaningful comparison.

  • Geology and soils
  • Hydrology and elevation
  • Landform and preservation conditions
  • Historical and cultural context

03

Predict Where Evidence May Survive

We use spatial analysis, remote sensing, and AI-assisted methods to identify recurring relationships and rank testable possibilities.

Analyze Patterns and Anomalies

Independent data sources are examined for relationships that may not be visible when viewed separately.

  • Spatial clustering
  • Terrain and landform relationships
  • Remote-sensing anomalies
  • Environmental and material-source associations

Develop Predictive Models

Models identify probabilities and similarities—not archaeological or paleontological sites.

  • Multi-criteria suitability models
  • Machine-learning classification
  • Probability and preservation surfaces
  • Feature-importance analysis

Evaluate Uncertainty

Every candidate is assessed against data quality, conflicting evidence, and plausible alternative explanations.

  • Source and data confidence
  • Number of independent evidence lines
  • Geographic precision
  • Modern disturbance and non-cultural explanations

04

Verify and Escalate Responsibly

A model result remains a hypothesis until it is evaluated against physical evidence through permission-based, carefully documented fieldwork.

Prioritize and Obtain Permission

Research value is balanced with access, safety, sensitivity, and legal or ethical constraints.

  • Landowner authorization
  • Accessibility and field safety
  • Environmental sensitivity
  • Legal and ethical requirements

Conduct Field Verification

Verification begins with non-destructive methods whenever possible.

  • Pedestrian and surface survey
  • GPS feature mapping
  • Professional photography and photogrammetry
  • Geophysical or acoustic survey

Document and Escalate Responsibly

Observations are preserved in context and referred for specialist review when findings warrant it.

  • Field notes, imagery, and GIS records
  • Positive and negative findings
  • Structured documentation packages
  • Referral to qualified specialists when appropriate

Research Standards

Standards That Apply at Every Stage

Evidence Before Conclusions

Stories, models, and anomalies generate hypotheses. Physical evidence and context determine conclusions.

Provenance Preserved

Every claim remains connected to its source, date, location, and stated level of certainty.

Permission Before Access

Private property is never entered or surveyed without explicit landowner authorization.

Limitations Made Visible

Uncertainty, incomplete data, conflicting evidence, and alternative explanations are documented.

Ready to Report a Find?

Your observations contribute to scientific discovery. All reports are confidential.

Report a Find